Timeline for taking effect: For statutes, unless specified otherwise, Oct. 1 following approval. Acts making appropriations for state institutions or to meet deficiencies in state funds, Laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, and laws making appropriations for the current expenses of the state government, for the maintenance of state institutions and for the support of public schools. Const. Geographic distribution: 3% of total votes cast for the office of governor from at least 15 counties (Const. Which election: First general election to be held not less than 30 days after the filing ofthe petition (Const. 4 1, Part 1(6B), (6C) and (6D). Petitions must be submitted to counties for verification four weeks before this deadline (MCA 13-27-301). 54 42A, 53; M.G.L.A. Considered a committee if individual raises or spends more than $5,000. 1-40-111), Paid per signature: Allowed but must obtain license and training (CRS 1-40-135), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (C.R.S.A. Circulator requirements: U.S. citizens, 18 years of age or older and a resident of the state as determined by AS 15.05.020 (AS 15.45.335). Otherwise, they may submit an alternative measure. 165-014-0005 Designating the State and Local Initiative, Referendum, Referral and Recall Manuals and Forms (1) The Secretary of State designates the State Initiative and Referendum Manual revised 02/2022 and associated forms as the procedures and forms to be used for the state initiative and referendum process. Contributions from nonresidents of the state, political committees organized outside the state or an entity that is not filed with the secretary of state for four years preceding the contribution are prohibited. Art. Cannot "pass a law authorizing any classification of property for the purpose of levying different rates of taxation thereon or of authorizing the levy of any single tax on land or land values or land sites at a higher rate or by a different rule than is or may be applied to improvements thereon or to personal property.". General guidance as to format and contents can be found at NRS 32-1402. For citation information, please contact the NCSL Elections and Redistricting team. In some states, the official title of the legislation that is the subject of the referendum appears on the petition. 1-40-130, 1-40-111), Number of signatures required: Five % of votes cast for secretary of state in last election (C.R.S.A. Art. General review of petition: Reviews done by attorney general and legislative services division (MCA 13-27-202). Verification: The secretary of state has 35 days to verify. Reports are monthly during election years and annually in nonelection years. Art. Art. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. 2, 8), Maine (M.R.S.A. II, 1g). Withdrawal process of individual signature: After the petitions are submitted for signature verification, individual signatures may not be removed (ORS 250.025). Art. Verification: The legislature may authorize generally accepted statistical procedures. ILCS Const. Const. Art. Signers must be residents in at least three-fourths of the state house districts, and signatures in each house district must equal in number at least 7% of those who voted in the preceding general election, 3% of total votes cast for the office of governor from at least 15 counties. 5, 1; A.C.A. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to a ballot question committee filing campaign statements, filing the 16th day before the election to the 11th day before the election, a postelection campaign statement, fines if failure to file properly, advertising guidelines (M.C.L.A. Proponents are required to ensure that all circulators receive instruction on the requirements and prohibitions imposed by state law with respect to signature gathering (Elec. Ballot measure committees must also provide an initial disclosure report 15 days after the committee begins raising or spending money, with subsequent quarterly reports until the pre-election report is due. Who can sign the petition: Legal voters, 18 years old, resident (U.C.A. An amendment requires at least one-fourth of members support to get onto the ballot. Who creates petitions: A voter must print the petitions in the form approved by the secretary of state (21-A MRS 901). In order to suspend effectiveness of the act pending a vote, signature requirement is 10% (Const. 902), Timeline for collecting signatures: One year (M.R.S.A. 14, 9). OH Const. 55 1, 6B, 7A, 18C, 18). Proponent organization and requirements: Lists of circulators and notaries who notarized the petition sections must be filed with the secretary of state. Maine: If neither receives a majority, the one receiving the most votes, if it receives more than one-third of the votes given for or against both, will appear at the next statewide election to be held not less than 60 days after the vote (M.R.S.A. Art. 3, 5). Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (V.A.M.S. Art. In many areas certain proposals must be put on the ballot for public approval. Petition for Recall. Code 23-17-3. Petitions must be submitted not more than 90 days after the final adjournment of the session of the general assembly that passed the bill on which the referendum is demanded. art. Const. No registered sex offender may circulate a petition unless the person is in the employ of and under the immediate supervision of another person and under circumstances which preclude any contact with children. 2, 1). V, 1(3)). Repeal or change restrictions: The legislature shall not have the power to repeal a referendum measure passed by a majority of the voters (Const. Repeat measures: Cannot be same as a measure at either of the two preceding biennial state elections (M.G.L.A. Stat. Geographic entities based on U.S. House districts, which are required to be highly equal in population, have been ruled to be constitutional (for example, see Nevada). 2, 3). All 23 popular referendum states require political organizations that support or oppose a ballot measure, often considered political action committees, to follow state campaign finance laws. For citation information, please contact the NCSL Elections and Redistricting Team. Petition title and summary creation: Proponents draft (NRS 32-1405). Note that all but two of these statesMaryland and New Mexicoalso have the initiative process. States such as Alaska (AS 15.45.150); Idaho (I.C. 14, 10). Its success in 1978, despite the strong opposition of the governor, state legislature, and the bureaucracy, prompted tax revolts in several other states. VI). The details for those states are below: Five states limit the legislatures ability to amend or repeal a law after it has been approved by voters. 3519.21). From official summary date by attorney general, 180 days to collect and must be filed at least 131 days prior to the next general election the measure is to be voted on. Tit. Const. Must also be submitted to the appropriate officials of cities, towns or plantations, or state election officials as authorized by law, 10 days before it's due with the secretary of state. 5, 5). Application process information: Copy of petition must be filed not earlier than Aug. 1 of the year before the year in which the election will be held (Const. Paid per signature: Circulators may be paid but not by the signature. What would happen if the US had direct democracy Quora. Ballot title and summary: The board of state canvassers (M.C.L.A. 19-112; 19-121.01). Art. Withdrawal of petition: Any person who submits a sample sheet to or files an initiative petition with the secretary of state may withdraw the petition upon written notice to the secretary of state. Art. Political committee must file a statement of organization. Const. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Amend. Timeline for taking effect: 30th day after the election at which it was passed (Const. Art. 1953, Const. Petitions must be filed within 90 days after the legislative session at which the law was passed adjourns either sine die or for more than 90 days. Legislator proposes a law, voters vote on it. Timeline for collecting signatures: One year, but proponents must submit to the county officials no sooner than nine months and no later than four weeks prior to the final deadline (MCA 13-27-301; 13-27-202). Use the data in the data file Gilotti's Pizzeria to find the variance and the standard deviation for Location 2, Location 3, and Location 4. Circulator oaths or affidavits: No, but they certify that each signature was in their presence and that they believe each individual is an elector (O.R.S. Art. Which election is a measure on: General election (N.R.S. 5, 1; A.C.A. 14, 9; MCA 13-27-503; 13-27-504). Art. Majority to pass: Majority and at least 50% of the total votes cast in the entire election (W.S.1977 22-2-117). Application process information: Original draft of petition must be submitted to secretary of state before circulating, including a suggested popular name; secretary of state approves and certifies both or disproves and specifies each deficiency (NMSA 1-17-8). LXXIV, 2 and MGL ch. See. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Const. In some states, the question is worded such that a yes vote is in favor of the law subject to referendum, while in others, a yes vote is in favor of repealing the law that is the subject of the referendum. Nebraska: not less than 35% (Const. For amendments, must be submitted for verification by the third Tuesday in June of the general election year. 2, 1). 14, 3), Timeline for taking effect: Within 20 days after the election (5 ILCS 20/7), Repeal or change restrictions: Must go through full constitutional amendment process (ILCS Const. ", Miss. Circulator requirements: Residency requirement struck down (Term Limits Leadership Council v. Clark [1997]; Miss. 5, 1). IV, 1). Const. XVI, 5(b)). Types Allowed: Indirect initiative for statutes, and popular referendum. For indirect statutory initiatives, roughly 11 months and two weeks (N.R.S. VI, 1 and Utah Code 20A-7-102, Laws passed by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house, Const. 2 with the secretary of state (34 Okl.St.Ann. Timeline for taking effect: An act rejected by referendum is void 30 days after certification. Form of petition specified (M.C.L.A. Collected in-person: Yes; petition includes language verifying that each person has "personally signed" (RCW 29A.72.130). 48, Pt. Maine: Secretary of state, along with revisor of statutes, may reject petition application if it does not conform to drafting conventions for statutes. Who can sign the petition: Registered voters (Const. Proponents; a simple statement of the gist of the measure is included on the petition. The requirements for an election with statewide ballot measures vary by state. Art. Paid per signature: Banned (U.C.A. II, 1g; Art. 295.015). Other subject restrictions: Amendments that propose a tax or fee not in place in November 1994 require a two-thirds vote to pass (F.S.A. Circulator requirements: Paid circulators must register with the secretary of state and complete training. Timeline for collecting signatures: Signature gathering begins on a date specified by the secretary of state and cannot be less than 15 or more than 30 days from the date when all appeals and rehearings have been resolved or have expired. If the legislature does not enact the proposition, then proponents may collect the additional 5% signatures required to get the measure onto the ballot. Art. Tit. Reports of contributions and expenditures of $500 or more must be made within two days between the 25th day of the month before an election and the day of the election. 4, 5; M.G.L.A. 53 22A; M.G.L.A. Petitions must be submitted within 90 days following the final adjournment of the legislative session at which the law was enacted. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (AS 15.45.340(c)). II, 1b and 1g; O.R.C. Petition title and summary creation: The title of the act subject to the petition appears on the petition (Utah Code 20A-7-303). This ensures that measures are not passed by a small minority of voters, either because of a low turnout election or ballot-drop off (where voters only vote partway through a ballot). Must file a statement of organization as a political committee within two weeks of organizing or within two weeks of the date the first contribution or expenditure is expected. 11 5). Art. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state and approved by attorney general (NDCC, 16.1-01-07). Where to file with: Secretary of state (OK Const. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: 120 days after the adjournment of the legislative session (W.S.1977 22-24-319). Britannica does not review the converted text. Art. MS Const. 3519.16). As in the case of the initiative and referendum, the recall process gives citizens a chance to practice grassroots democracy by removing elected officials who are disapproved of by a majority of voters. Four states require training for circulators: Twenty-two states (all except Massachusetts) require circulators or proponents to sign affidavits or other sworn statements as to the accuracy or authenticity of the petitions. All citizen initiatives require the collection of a certain number of signatures, although states vary in the number of signatures and the baseline used to determine that number. Application process information: Petition as to be circulated is filed with secretary of state prior to circulation and must include the title of the referred law, the effective date, the date of the election at which it will be submitted. For indirect initiative states, this review process involves the legislature and can be quite extensive. Repeal or change restrictions: No statute. In the U.S., the terms initiative and referendum refer to processes that allow citizens of states to vote on particular pieces of legislation.. Art. Petition title and summary creation: Petition must include a summary of 100 words or less (MCL 168.482). 168.32). Fifteen% of those residing in at least two-thirds of the counties of the state, as determined by those who voted in the preceding general election in that county. Repeal or change restrictions: Can only be changed by a vote of the people. The reform movements of the Progressive Era generally focused on . Amend. Timeline for taking effect: 30 days after the election (Const. Same if an alternate measure is proposed (M.C.L.A. Proponents must file reports of payments made to signature gatherers. 21. Art. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (ORS 260.558). Collected in-person: Yes (Mo.Rev.Stat. VI, Subpt. Recall ap gov example - swpqbq.traslochigiuseppe.it A year after Los Angeles adopted the device, voters in that city recalled a city councilman. Geographic distribution: Original geographical requirement found unconstitutional. States may limit the subject matter of popular referenda. A statement of organization is required (Govt. What is on each petition: Petition must include a short title of 20 words or less, a summary and the text of the measure. Which election: Biennial general election (Const. 3; Const. Art. Art. 15, 273; Miss. Const. In all other cases, an act that is subject to the referendum remains in effect until it is rejected at an election (MCA 13-27-105(3)). 3, 20 and 21-A MRSA 901). 106.08, 106.19). 14, 3, 10 ILCS 5/28-2, Massachusetts: M.G.L.A. Who can sign the petition: Any registered voter of Missouri, but each petition page can contain only signatures from one county (Mo.Rev.Stat. Pamphlet contains one-sentence statements describing the effect of a yes or no vote prepared jointly by the attorney general and the state secretary. Recall is the ability as a citizen to petition for a re-vote of an elected official who is believed to be ineffective. Attorney general writes title and summary if original is challenged in court (F.S.A. A new, third level of content, designed specially to meet the advanced needs of the sophisticated scholar. III, 2; 4), Who can sign the petition: Registered voters (Ne.Rev.St. III, 3). IV, 1). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Reports of expenditures and contributions received are required quarterly in non-election years and monthly, March through November, in election years. Art. St. 32-1407), Which election is a measure on: Next general election at least four months after filing the signatures (Neb. Legislature or other government official review: Reviews done by attorney general and legislative services division. Const. 1953 20A-7-202; U.C.A. Single subject rule: No statute. Circulator requirements: At least 18 years old (Elec. Art. 12, 2. Art. Petition title and summary creation: None specified for title, and summary "prepared by the person authorized by law" (M.C.L.A. Who creates petitions: Proponents (A.C.A. 21 1; CV160314-SA), Montana (MT CONST Art. Art. They may also submit their own alternative ballot measure to the people if it is different but under the same subject area. Illinois: For accuracy and fairness, the attorney general may rewrite arguments for or against prepared by legislature. Who can sign the petition: Qualified voters (Const. Art. Colo. Const. A ballot summary is prepared by Department of Legislative Services and approved by attorney general Elec. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Utah Code 20A-7-209). Code Ann. CONST. Art. Where to file with: Attorney general (O.R.C. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (NRS 32-630 and -1404). Probably the most celebrated initiative to pass in recent years was Proposition 13 in California. Acts making appropriations for the expense of the state government or a state institution existing at the time of the passage of such act. Application process information: Proponents submit petition signed by 20 voters. Code 107). 116.100). 4, Pt. 905-A; M.R.S.A. Must include official language from attorney general, the measures full text, and the legislative district from which the signatures were collected (I.C. But you explicitly may pay based on hourly wage or salary, express or implied minimum signature requirements for the circulator to meet, terminate someone's employment if they do not meet "certain productivity requirements," and pay discretionary bonuses based on reliability, longevity, and productivity (SDCL 12-13-28). Majority to pass: Yes (NDCC Const. Petitions must be submitted either before 5 p.m. 30 days after the first individual signs the petition or 40 days after the legislative session ends, whichever is earlier. Art. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to statewide ballot question committee must file pre-primary, pre-general, year-end and, if applicable, supplemental report and amendments (SDCL 12-27-22; SDCL 12-27-3). Vote requirement for passage: Majority, provided that the votes cast on the measure shall equal at least one-third of the total votes cast at the election (Const. General review of petition: Upon request, any agency in the executive department shall assist in reviewing and preparing comments on the petition (C.R.S.A. 23-17-29). 4). Art. Conflicting measures: The measure receiving the greatest number of affirmative votes becomes law (Ark. Art. Petition title and summary creation: The statement of purpose and implication, which is prepared by the proponent and approved by the attorney general, is the title for both the petition and ballot. S. So as a whole, the free-response section accounts for half your total AP Gov score (the other 50% comes from the multiple-choice section). And requires full disclosure of campaign staffers (21-A MRSA 1051 et. 4, Pt. This ensures that measures will not be passed by a small minority of voters, either because of a low turnout or ballot-drop off (where voters only vote partway through a ballot). Art. And many states include some type of public review or notice of proposed measures, as well. 116.332). General election, and signatures must be verified no later than Feb. 1 of the year of the general election. III, 52(a)). Petition includes title, brief legislative history of the measure to be referred, full text and secretary of state's certification that the full text is correct (ORC 3519.05(C)). Which election is a measure on: Biennial regular general election (C.R.S.A. Art. Art. What is on each petition: Must include the full text of the measure and the title drafted by the attorney general, signers statement and circulator's declaration (RCW 29A.72.100 and .130) . Filing must include the description of the effect of the measure, the sponsor's name and signature (NRS 295.015). Types allowed: Indirect initiative for statutes, direct initiative for constitutional amendments, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (O.R.C. Most constitutional democracies, such as Australia, Canada, Italy, and the United States, operate through a system of representative government. A criminal records check is conducted (ORS 250.048). (Note: This provision was found unconstitutional in July 2020 by a Superior Court judge and was later affirmed Aug. 31, 2020 by the state supreme court. If the attorney general does not approve of the statement, they prepare one themselves (MCA 13-27-312). Timeline for taking effect: July 1 after the official canvass (SDCL 2-1-12). 5, 1). Paid per signature: Cannot be paid based on the number of signatures collected, but can be paid in general (NDCC 16.1-01-12(1)(j)). 21 1, Colorado: C.R.S.A. 22-24-407). XLVII , Pt. 4, 1, Pt. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. 250.045). Art. 48, Init., Pt. Must report name and address of donors of $50 or more. Art. 3, 18). Art. III, 5). 6; Oklahomans for Modern Alcoholic Beverage Controls, Inc. v. Shelton, Okla., 501 P.2d 1089, 1972). II, 1c). Const. Petition title and summary creation: Petition bears the title of the bill it seeks to repeal (Mo.Rev.